What is the term for the process of rainwater and runoff seeping underground?

Percolation refers to the process by which water moves downward through soil and porous rock layers. When rainwater falls to the ground, it can seep into the soil, where it gradually filters through the various layers of soil and rock. This movement is crucial for recharging groundwater supplies and ensuring that aquifers are replenished.

Understanding this process is essential in water management and environmental science, as it affects groundwater availability and quality. Rainwater that percolates through soil may also undergo natural filtration, reducing contaminants and contributing to cleaner water sources. This distinction emphasizes the importance of percolation in both the hydrological cycle and in maintaining healthy ecosystems.