What is the simplified reaction for producing monochloramine?

The production of monochloramine occurs when ammonia reacts with hypochlorous acid (HOCl). In the simplified reaction represented by the correct choice, ammonia (NH3) combines with hypochlorous acid to form monochloramine (NH2Cl) and water (H2O). This reaction is crucial in drinking water treatment processes for disinfection purposes, as monochloramine is a stable chloramine used to maintain residual disinfectant levels in water distribution systems.

The reaction reflects a direct interaction between ammonia and a chlorine species, illustrating a fundamental aspect of water treatment chemistry where chlorine compounds are utilized to manage microbial populations without creating excessive halogenated by-products that can be harmful or undesirable. Understanding this reaction is essential for drinking water operators, as the effective use of monochloramine can ensure safe drinking water while minimizing risks associated with other chlorine disinfection methods.